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Known_hosts, identity files, and the SSH config file explained

Understand what’s happening inside your .ssh folder

Thanasis Karavasilis avatar
Written by Thanasis Karavasilis
Updated over 2 weeks ago

What's inside .ssh?

After generating a key, your .ssh folder (usually in C:\Users\<yourname>\.ssh\) might contain:

  • id_ed25519 or id_rsa – your private key (keep this safe!)

  • id_ed25519.pub or id_rsa.pub – your public key (used to connect)

  • known_hosts – tracks servers you’ve connected to before

  • config – optional but handy file to simplify commands

What does known_hosts do?

Every time you connect to a new server, its signature is added here. This helps verify the identity of the server next time.

If you ever see:

WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!

…it means the server key doesn’t match what’s in known_hosts. This can happen if:

  • The instance was terminated and replaced

  • You're connecting to a different host than expected

Fix it by deleting the old entry:

ssh-keygen -R <hostname>

What’s in a config file?

Create a plain text file named config inside .ssh and add:

Host hivenet     HostName <your-instance-id>.ssh.hivecompute.ai     User ubuntu     IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519     ProxyCommand ssh [email protected] %h

Now you can connect with:

ssh hivenet

instead of typing everything out every time.

Tip: Create a new Host block for each instance if you use multiple.

Public key vs. private key

  • The .pub file (public) is safe to share—it’s how servers recognize you

  • The private key must stay private—it proves who you are

Never send someone your private key, and don’t copy it into web forms.


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